A. Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects your jaw to the side of your head, enabling you to talk, chew and yawn. TMJ dysfunction can cause stiff jaw muscles; limited jaw movement; painful jaw clicking; and pain that travels throughout the face, jaw or neck. Treatment may include ice, pain medicine or an oral device.

B. Neck Injuries and Disorders
Any part of your neck, including muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments or nerves can cause pain, as well as issues with your shoulder, jaw, head or upper arms. Neck pain can be caused by muscle strain, tension, overuse, falls or accidents. Treatment may include ice, pain relievers, physical therapy, a cervical collar or alternative option.

C. Back Pain
Affecting eight out of 10 people, back pain ranges from a dull, constant ache to a quick, sharp pain. Acute back pain lasts from a few days to a few weeks, while chronic back pain lasts for more than three months. Sometimes back pain goes away on its own or with pain relievers and rest.  If it’s severe, doesn’t improve after three days or is caused by injury, contact your healthcare provider.

D. Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis makes your bones weak and more likely to break. As many as half of all women and a quarter of men over age 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Since it’s a silent disease, a bone mineral density (BMD) test is the best way to check your bone health. Keep bones strong by eating a calcium- and vitamin D-rich diet, exercising and not smoking. Medicine can also help.

E. Herniated Disc
The spine is made up of 26 bones, called vertebrae. In between them are soft disks, which cushion the vertebrae and keep them in place. A herniated disk is a disk that slips out of place or ruptures, causing back pain, neck pain, tingling, numbness, muscle spasms or weakness. Treatment may include rest, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, physical therapy, surgery or an alternative option.

F. Sciatica
Sciatica is a common type of pain affecting the sciatic nerve, a large nerve extending from the lower back down the back of each leg. Symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness or tingling, usually on one side of that body, which can start in the lower back and run down your leg, calf, foot or toes. Treatments include exercise, medicine, surgery or an alternative option.

G. Spine Injuries and Disorders
Infections, injuries, tumors, bone changes and conditions such as scoliosis can change the structure of your spine or damage the vertebrae and surrounding tissue. Spinal diseases often cause pain when bone changes put pressure on the spinal cord or nerves and can limit movement. Treatments differ by disease.

H. Arthritis
Arthritis can cause joint pain and swelling, which can damage joints over time. Symptoms may include lack of mobility, body pain or stiffness. Some types of arthritis can cause organ problems; some, such as osteoarthritis, are related to aging or injury; and others occur when your immune system attacks your body's own tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

I. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is pain, tingling and other problems in your hand because of pressure on the median nerve in your wrist, which runs from your forearm to your hand through the carpal tunnel. Women are three times more likely to have carpal tunnel syndrome than men. Treatments include resting your hand, splints, pain and anti-inflammatory medicines, surgery and alternative treatment.

J. Tendinitis
Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon, the thick, cord-like tissue that attaches muscle to bone. It usually occurs in the shoulders, elbows, knees, hips, heels or wrists, and may have a special name depending on its location, such as tennis elbow. Injury, disease or overuse may cause tendinitis. Treatments include rest, ice, medicine, ultrasound, physical therapy, steroid injections, surgery or an alternative option.  

K. Hip Replacement
Hip replacement is surgery recommended for those with severe hip damage who can’t be helped with physical therapy, medicine or exercise. During this procedure, the surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from your hip joint and replaces them with new, man-made parts to relieve pain, enhance hip joint function and improve walking and other movements.

L. Knee Replacement
Knee replacement surgery is performed on those with severe knee damage to relieve pain and allow them to be more active. During a total knee replacement, damaged cartilage and bone are removed from the surface of the knee joint and replaced with a man-made surface of metal and plastic. In a partial knee replacement, the surgeon only replaces one part of your knee joint.

M. ACL Injuries
The ACL is one of four knee ligaments that connect the upper and lower leg bones. An ACL injury is almost always related to sports. Treatments for ACL injuries may include rest, rehabilitation or surgery. Help prevent an ACL injury by doing strengthening exercises.

N. Ankle Injuries and Disorders
The most common ankle problems are sprains, injuries to the ligaments, and fractures, a break in the bone.

O. Bunion
A bunion is a bony bump on the joint at the base of the big toe. As the bump gets larger, it causes the big toe to turn toward the second toe. Surrounding tissues may be swollen or tender. Bunions occur more commonly in women and can run in families. Avoid wearing narrow-toed or high-heeled shoes, and if a bunion develops, it may help to wear custom orthotics or pads to cushion the bunion.


Source: Medline Plus